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| Thanaweya Amma English – Past Perfect vs Past Perfect Continuous |
التركيب
Subject + had + Past Participle (P.P.)
I had finished.
She had left.
They had arrived.
نستخدم had مع جميع الضمائر.
نستخدمه متى؟
① حدث انتهى قبل حدث آخر في الماضي
When I arrived, the train had left.
القطار غادر أولًا ➜ had left
أنا وصلت بعد ذلك ➜ arrived
She had finished her homework before she went out.
② حدث انتهى قبل وقت معين في الماضي
By 8 p.m., I had finished my homework.
By the end of 2025, the company had opened three new branches.
2️⃣ Past Perfect Continuous — الماضي التام المستمر
التركيب
Subject + had + been + V-ing
I had been studying.
She had been working.
They had been waiting.
نستخدمه متى؟
① نشاط استمر لفترة قبل حدث آخر في الماضي
I had been studying for two hours before my friend arrived.
بدأت المذاكرة ➜ استمرت ساعتين ➜ وصل صديقي.
② التركيز على مدة النشاط قبل نقطة في الماضي
She had been working there for five years before she resigned.
③ نشاط سابق يفسر نتيجة في الماضي
Ahmed was tired because he had been running.
The ground was wet because it had been raining.
⚖️ Past Perfect Simple vs Past Perfect Continuous
الفكرة شبيهة بالفرق في Present Perfect:
النتيجة / الإنجاز
➡️ Past Perfect Simple
She had written five emails before lunch.
التركيز على five emails.
المدة / النشاط
➡️ Past Perfect Continuous
She had been writing emails for two hours before lunch.
التركيز على two hours.
قارن
He had repaired the car before noon.
✅ السيارة تم إصلاحها.
النتيجة مهمة.
He had been repairing the car for three hours before noon.
✅ التركيز على النشاط والمدة.
3️⃣ Past Simple vs Past Perfect
دي أهم نقطة امتحانية في الدرس.
لما عندنا حدثان في الماضي ونريد توضيح أيهما حدث أولًا:
الحدث الأقدم → Past Perfect
الحدث الأحدث → Past Simple
When I arrived, the film had started.
1️⃣ The film started.
2️⃣ I arrived.
After she had finished the report, she sent it to her manager.
1️⃣ She finished the report.
2️⃣ She sent it.
4️⃣ Before / After / By the time
After
After he had finished work, he went home.
Before
He had finished work before he went home.
By the time
By the time we arrived, the meeting had started.
📌 By the time توضح أن شيئًا كان قد حدث بالفعل قبل نقطة أخرى.
5️⃣ Because + Past Perfect Continuous
مفيد جدًا عندما نوضح سبب حالة في الماضي.
She was tired because she had been working all day.
His clothes were dirty because he had been repairing the car.
Their eyes were red because they had been crying.
النتيجة في الماضي ← tired / dirty / red
النشاط السابق ← had been working / repairing / crying
⚠️ Stative Verbs
مثل الدرس السابق، لا نستخدم عادةً بعض أفعال الحالة في Continuous:
know – believe – understand – want – need – love – belong
لذلك:
✅ I had known Ahmed for years before we worked together.
❌ I had been knowing Ahmed for years.
🎯 Exam Tip
لا تشوف before / after / when وتختار Past Perfect تلقائيًا.
حدد ترتيب الأحداث أولًا.
مثال:
By the time the meeting started, she _____ the report.
a) finished
b) had finished
c) has finished
d) was finishing
التقرير انتهى قبل بداية الاجتماع:
✅ had finished
وده نفس المنطق الموجود في نموذج الامتحان الذي أرسلته:
By the time the meeting started, she had finished the report.
وكانت هي الجملة الصحيحة.
📝 Check Your Understanding
1. By the time we arrived, the film _____.
a) had started
b) starts
c) has started
d) is starting
2. She was tired because she _____ all day.
a) worked
b) has worked
c) had been working
d) works
3. After Ahmed _____ his homework, he went out.
a) finishes
b) had finished
c) has finished
d) is finishing
4. The ground was wet because it _____.
a) rains
b) has rained
c) had been raining
d) is raining
5. Before the police arrived, the thief _____.
a) had escaped
b) escapes
c) has escaped
d) is escaping
6. She _____ five reports before the meeting started.
a) writes
b) had written
c) had been writing
d) has written
7. They _____ for three hours before the bus finally arrived.
a) waited
b) have waited
c) had been waiting
d) are waiting
8. I _____ him for years before he moved abroad.
a) had known
b) had been knowing
c) know
d) have known
9. His hands were dirty because he _____ the engine.
a) repairs
b) has repaired
c) had been repairing
d) is repairing
10. By 10 p.m., they _____ the work.
a) complete
b) have completed
c) were completing
d) had completed
✅ Answers:
1-A | 2-C | 3-B | 4-C | 5-A | 6-B | 7-C | 8-A | 9-C | 10-D